Apparatus for preparing and dispensing hot potables



Jan. 3, 1967 N. GOROS 3,295,993

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BY 41m, ZiJJl/v N. GOROS Jan. 3, 1967 APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND DISPENSING HOT POTABLES l1 Sheets-Sheet 1 1 Filed May 28, 1962 I NVENTOR. NATHAN Go o 5 BY m @411 A T'T'O NEY United States Patent 3,295,998 APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND DISPENSING HOT POTABLES Nathan Goros, Manhattan, N.Y. Vendcor, Inc., 2641 Decatur Ave., Bronx, N.Y. 10458) Filed May 28, 1962, Ser. No. 197,988 31 Claims. (Cl. 99282) This invention relates to an apparatus for preparing and dispensing hot potables.

Although in the preferred form of my invention hereinafter illustrated and described, the apparatus is disclosed as a coin controlled automatic vending machine for hot coffee it will be understood that such showing is simply by way of example since said apparatus is adapted without alteration to vend other hot potables such for instance as tea, chocolate, cocoa, soup, etc., and, moreover, if desired, to dispense any of these hot potables without recourse to coin control and without recourse to automatic cycling.

Present day machines employed for preparing and vending coffee and other hot potables are subject to many drawbacks which, until now, have restrained their unqualified commercial acceptance. A great many devotees of favorite hot beverages willingly would purchase the same throughout the day from any conveniently located vending machine provided that the beverage could be supplied at a reasonable price comparable with that set by eating establishments and provided further that the beverage thus supplied had a consistently good quality which compared favorably with that to which they had become accustomed.

However, for various reasons, the quality and, particularly the taste, of hot potables dispensed by vending machines has not approached that to which the public has become schooled, i.e., that of a home prepared potable. One of the reasons for this deficient quality is that in some machines the potable is brewed (infused) in batches of several, often as many as twenty, cups at a time and a brewed batch is permitted to stand, as will occur upon occasion with vending machines, for so long a period that the flavor will suffer.

Other machines held a large standby quantity of very hot (at least 200 F.) water ready for immediate brewing or infusing and used such standby water to prepare individual servings of a beverage as required. In these cases too the flavor suffered because when a large quantity of water is allowed to stand at very high temperatures (near boiling) for appreciable periods of time it becomes deaerated and a beverage brewed therefrom has a flat taste.

Moreover, themaintenance of a large mass of water at high temperatures has other drawbacks. For instance, keeping a large body of water at a temperature near boiling is attended by the ever present danger of explosion and indeed this has occured all too often. Furthermore, in hard water areas there is an appreciable deposition of salts from a large quantity of water kept for appreciable periods of time at a high temperature. This condition, usually referred to as liming, requires additional care and maintenance of the equipment.

Another factor that adversely elfects the quality of hot potables is taste interference from elements of previously dispensed units of the beverage or from remnants of the flavoring matter from which previously dispensed units were prepared. This taste interference may not be markedly noticeable immediately after cleaning or where a more or less steady demand is imposed upon the vending machine; however it becomes apparent unless the machine is cleaned at the end of every day or at 24-hour intervals and also is evident when the machine is used after standing idle for an appreciable period, say an hour Patented'Jan'. 3, 1967 or longer. Over and above the taste interference these remnants raise a problem of sanitation.

Both sanitation and taste interference in present-day machines are offset to some degree by cleaning the vending machines thoroughly at the end of each business day or at other suitable times; however the cost. for such upkeep has proven to be very high inasmuch as a conventional current vending machine needs from twentyfive minutes to forty-five minutes or more for cleaning and sanitation.

Another difliculty experienced in connection with deterioration of flavor is the improper application of water pressure to the flavoring material from which the hot potable is brewed. For example, with certain potables, e.g., coffee brewed from ground beans, it is highly desirable, and it is customary in the home, to wet down the ground beans with hot Water before circulating hot water through the same. However in single cup brewing type vending machines such wetting down is not practised and it is conventional suddenly to force a slug of hot water through the ground beans without a preliminary slow Wetting of the beans.

It is an object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described which is not subject to any of the foregoing drawbacks and which has a great many advantages over existing and heretofore proposed machines for preparing hot potables, these advantages extending to all'aspects of vending machines, including, for example, cost, maintenance, trouble-free operation, sanitation and taste.

It is another object of my invention to provide a hot potable preparing apparatus which will secure a consistently uniform desirable taste for the beverage.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character-described which will prepare hot beverages quickly and economic-ally.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described which has comparatively few parts and which is easy and inexpensive to build and service.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described which will function with a small quantity of standby (reserve) heated water so that if, through malfunctioning of the apparatus, the container in which the standby water is disposed should explode, damage will be held to a minimum.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described in which the standby (reserve) heated water is maintained at a-temperature considerably below the boiling point so that deaeration and liming are materially reduced. 7

It is an ancillary object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described in which there is associated with the standby heated water a topping or flash heater of high caloric capacity, i.e., a rapid heater which can be used to quickly raise the mildly preheated standby water to a temperature sufliciently high for preparation of the hot potable, thereby reducing the time for liming and deaeration to such an extent that they no longer are noticeable.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described including a reserve heating tank and an auxiliary heating tank in which the heaters for the two tanks are so electrically wired as not to require connection to a heavy-duty convenience outlet.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described in which the metering of the heated water is performed in such a fashion that the slug of high temperature water does not present a steep gradient pressure front as it meets the flavoring material from which the potable is to be prepared, e.g., ground coffee beans, tea leaves, dry concentrate or syrup.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described in which pneumatic pressure is employed for metering purposes so that the force driving the slug of high temperature water through the flavoring material is elastic whereby to slow down the wetting of such material and reduce the shock on such material and thus not tend to drive particle thereof to the dispensing spout, and which apparatus, by reducing the shock, lessens the physical stresses on the various mechanical components including the pellet which contains the flavoring material.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described having an arrangement which effectively removes the remnants of each batch of hot potable present in the apparatus after every dispensing operation so as to avoid taste interference thereby and so as to reduce the problem of sanitation.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described wherein the metering is performed pneumatically in a fashion such that accumulation of residues of the potable in the apparatus is discouraged, thereby very greatly reducing the amount of time required for maintenance and cleaning and also making the machine far more sanitary so that there is appreciably less danger of food poisoning.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described having an improved metering system in which there is an auxiliary container for heated water to be used in exactly the amount required to be dispensed so that pump displacement or valve metering with their consequent high cost and high maintenance are eliminated.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described for preparing hot potables in which a flavoring-material-containing pellet is pierced in a novel and simple manner with the aid of apparatus that is durable and rugged and which can be cleaned efliciently, thoroughly and rapidly by maintenance men.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described for preparing a hot potable in which the flavoring-material-containing pellet is pierced by hydraulic means which, at least in part, forms an element of the metering system whereby the number of parts used in the apparatus is kept at a minimum and the metering considerably simplified.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described having a highly simplified hydropneumatic meternig system which is positive, accurate and speedy in operation and which can be manufactured at alow cost.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described employing a simplified electric cycling control which, with comparatively few parts, automatically regulates the operation of the various parts of the apparatus.

It is another objects of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described in Which a selection is provided for the user among several types of difierent potables each time the apparatus is operated such, for example, as: unsweetened black coffee, sweetened black coffee, unsweetened coffee with a normal amount of creaming agent, sweetened coffee with a normal amount of creaming agent, unsweetened light coffee, and sweetened light coffee.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described in which improved means is provided for handling and guiding the flavoringmaterial-containing pellets so that the position of a selected pellet is positively controlled over all the various parts of its path of travel.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described which, despite its proper handling of the flavoring material with respect to gradual initial application of hot water thereto, nevertheless has a fast cycle for preparing the hot potable so that the apparatus will not require too long a wait by a customer for successive individual portions of hot potables.

It is another object of my invention to provide an ap paratus of the character described which employs a pneumatic pump for expediting the metering of the hot water and of the hot potable whereby the speed of the cycle can be set to any desired time as, for example, well under fifteen seconds.

'It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described having an auxiliary hydraulic pump whereby to insure positive operation of the machine in the event that local water (tap) pressure is too low.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described in which mechanical failure of the metering system is largely obivated through the use of pnuematic pressure which avoids, for example, such possible sources of failure as deterioration of O-rings, washers and packing glands, in contact with hot water.

Other objects of my invention in part will be obvious and in part will be pointed out hereinafter.

My invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the machine hereinafter described and of which the scope of application will be indicated in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which I have shown various possible embodiments of my invention,

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an automatic hot potable vending machine constructed in accordance with and embodying my invention;

FIG. 2 is a larger front perspective view of the machine, the same being illustrated with the front panel open and with the cup dispensing mechanism swung out in order to show the locations and general outlines of the various operating parts of the heating and brewing stations;

FIG. 2A is a detail view of the cams and associated switches that are operated by the Cup dispensing motor;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the brewing station and the parts of the machine adjacent thereto;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the several stacks of different fiavoring-material-containing pellets in the magazine and of the mechanical arrangement for pushing a single pellet at a time from a selected stack and guiding and kicking it to the brewing station;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 55 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a detail perspective view illustrating a pusher locked in ejecting condition;

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 4 but with some portions of the machine removed, in order to better illustrate details of other portions;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 8-8 of FIG. 7 and illustrating the linkage employed to actuate the pusher carriage;

FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of the linkage shown in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a detail sectional viewing showing in full and phantom lines, respectively, the rearmost and an advancing position of a pusher in non-ejecting condition;

FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10 but showing the rear and an advancing position of a pusher in ejecting condition;

FIG. 12 is a front-to-back vertical sectional view taken through the front end of the pellet delivery gravity chute, the kicker and the kicker platform, the kicker being illustrated in its retracted position;

FIG. 12A is a top plan view of the discharge end of the pellet delivery chute;

FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 12 but showing the kicker in a partly advanced position;

FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 14--14 of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a front view in partial section of the brew ing station, the brewing ram and jaw being illustrated in elevated position;

FIG. 16 is a view similar to FIG. 15, but illustrating the brewing ram and jaw in lowered (closed) position;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 1717 of FIG. 15;

FIG. 18 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 1818 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of FIG. 18 but to a larger scale and showing the pellet in section whereby the perforating action of the pellet piercing tines can be more readily seen and understood;

FIG. 20 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 20-20 of FIG. 17, and showing a top plan view of the piercing tines of the brewing anvil;

FIG. 21 is a bottom plan view of the brewing ram, the same being taken substantially along the line 2121 of FIG. 17;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a flavoring-materialcontaining pellet;

FIG. 23 is an exploded perspective view of a modified form of brewing anvil, the same employing a crossed interlocked partition type of piercing tine matrix;

FIG. 24 is a vertical central sectional view through the brewing anvil shown in FIG. 23, the same being illustrated in assembled condition;

FIG. 25 is an exploded view of the partition components of the piercing tine matrix of FIG. 23;

FIG. 26 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken substantially along the line 2626 of FIG. 24;

FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the hydroneumatic circuit of the machine embodying my invention;

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the electric cicrcuit of said machine; and

FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a modified circuit for said machine.

Referring now in detail to the drawings, the reference numeral 30 denotes a hot potable vending machine constructed in accordance with and embodying my invention.

The machine has an outer casing or she-ll 32' which may be of any suitable configuration that is aesthetically attractive and which supports within it the various components for preparing and dispensing hot potables. Said casing has been illustrated in a configuration which is currently fashionable, this constituting a rectangular parallelopiped which is vertically elongated and is wider than it is deep. The casing stands on legs 34 and its front is constituted by a door 36 which is attached to the casing body in any suitable manner, as for instance, by hinges 38. The door is provided with a lock 40 so that when closed no unauthorized person may tamper with the working parts of the machine.

The major operating components of the machine are enclosed within the casing, the only public access to the interior being through a removal aperture 42 in the door. The aforesaid components include: a group 44 of selector buttons 46, a coin actuate-d switch assembly 48, a cup dispensing mechanism 50, a relay and timer assembly 52, a waste container 54, a pellet magazine 56, a water heating station 58 (see FIG. 3), a brewing station 60, a dispensing station 62 and a pellet transfer mechanism 64 (see FIG. 4). Various motors and pumps also are housed in the casing 32 but have not been shown, except diagrammatically in FIGS. 27 and 28, since their specific physical constructions, configurations and locations are of no importance.

The group 44 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) of selector push buttons consists of a row of button heads 66 (see FIG. 28) which are mounted on the door and are accessible at the exterior of the casing so that any button can be selectively depressed by a purchaser. Each button corresponds to a different stack of pellets in the magazine and each button controls a different normally open pair of switch contacts 68 all of which are connected in parallel.

The coin actuated switch assembly 48 (FIG. 2) is of standard construction and likewise is mounted on the door 36. It is adapted to receive coins inserted through a drop slot 70 (see FIG. 1) in the door and it includes the usual selection mechanism for rejecting spurious coins and for closing a normally open momentary switch 72 (see FIG. 28) when a coin or coins of the proper denominations have been placed in the slot. The coin assembly 48 further includes a reject chute 74 for the discharge of spurious coins, coins of the improper denomination, or coins when the supply of pellets is exhausted. The internal construction of the coin actuated switch assembly 48 has not been illustrated inasmuch as it is conventional and is employed on a great number of presently used coin controlled vending machines.

The cup dispensing mechanism 50 (FIG. 2) likewise is conventional and therefore will not be described in detail. Said mechanism is mounted as a unit on the inside of the casing 32 and is secured to the casing by hinges having vertical pintles so that when the door 36 is opened the cup dispensing mechanism can be swung out for filling or servicing. As is well known, the cup dispensing mechanism includes a cage 76' which is mounted to turn about a vertical axis and which contains several vertical stacks 78 of cups 80. The cups likewise are of conventional construction, constituting frusto conical side walls and imperforate bottom walls so that the cups can be nested. Cups are sized with a suitable material to render them impervious to hot potables.

The cup dispensing assembly is a single cycle mechanism. That is to say, when actuated it will perform a cycle of operations resulting in the discharge of a single 35 cup and then will stop. The cup dispensing mechanism is powered by a cup dispensing motor 82 which can not be seen in FIG. ,2 since it is hidden behind the cage; however it is indicated on the electric circuit diagram of FIG. 28. For cycling, timing and synchronizing purposes the cup dispensing motor 82, in addition to powering the cup dispensing mechanism 50, turns a cam shaft 84 (see FIG. 2A) on which there are mounted a group of cams, 86, 88, 90. The cam 86 cooperates with a momentary switch 92 having a normally open pair of contacts 510 (FIG. 28) in the circuits for the anti jackpot relay coil 504 and the vend relay coil 518. The cam 88 cooperates with a momentary switch 94 having a normally open pair of contacts 640 in the hold circuit for the cup dispensing motor 82. The cam cooperates with a momentary switch 96 having a normally open pair of contacts 648 in the make circuit for the kicker motor 382.

The relay and timer assembly 52 contains a large group of electrical relays and a timer. All of these will be described in detail with respect to the circuit diagram of FIG. 28.

The waste container 54 simply is a bucket (FIGS. 2 and 27) located at some low point within the casing and which accumulates overflow of liquids from various sources which will become apparent as this description proceeds. The bucket is intended to be emptied from time to time and I have found that when the machine is properly adjusted the amount of overflow liquid is negligible.

The pellet magazine 56 comprises a source of supply for various flavoring-material-containing pellets 98 which desirably have different contents. The pellets preferably are arranged in various stacks with all the pellets of each stack having the same type of fiavoring-containing-material. For example, the pellets in one stack may contain the proper type of flavoring material to brew only strong black unsweetened coffee, the pellets in another stack may have the proper material to brew black sweetened coffee. These latter pellets contain sugar or an artificial sweetener in addition to coffee flavoring or brewing material.

In another stack the pellets may contain a creaming agent as well as ground coffee beans and these pellets will produce either a light cup of coffee, or a cup of coffee with a normal amount of creaming agent, or a cup of coffee with more than a normal amount of creaming agent. Any one of these pellets either may or may not have sugar. In addition to the different types of pellets mentioned, extra stacks may be provided for pellets of the faster selling types.

The individual pellets 98 (FIG. 22) are characterized by the provision of a hollow container, preferably with a fiat top wall 100 (see FIG. 19) and a flat bottom wall 102, the side wall 104 may be circular, optionally being frusto conical. The side wall is joined to the top wall by a flat outwardly protruding horizontal flange 106 (see FIGS. 17 and 22) which desirably lies in substantially the plane of the top wall. The walls of the pellet and at least the top and bottom walls are made of a thin frangible material which is inert to food products and is unaffected by temperatures up to the boiling point of water and which also has sufficient strength to maintain the shape of the pellet under the internal pressure to which they will be subjected, in the order, for example, of up to 30 psi. The pellets also should be able to withstand external pressures in the nature of those engendered during handling, transfer and piercing. Pellets of the foregoing nature are well known, being described, for example, in my United States Letters Patent No. 2,968,560 for Infusion Packaging for Producing a Coffee Beverage, dated January 17, 1961. The walls of said pellet may be made from metal foil or a plastic sheet material which will withstand the pressures and temperatures that I have mentioned. However, in the preferred form of my invention the pellet is made of aluminum foil in the order of about three thousands of an inch thickness.

The top wall 100 of the pellet is joined to an outwardly extending lip 108 integral with the upper edge of the side wall 104 so that the contents of the pellet are hermetically sealed from the atmosphere so long as the pellets are located in the magazine 56.

To facilitate servicing of the machine some part of each pellet, e.g., the top wall, bears an external marking to indicate the nature of the beverage which will be made with the aid of the pellet. Such a marking 110 is illustrated in FIG. 22, the same reading light-no sugar, an indication that the beverage brewed with this particular pellet will be unsweetened and will have more than a normal amount of creaming agent.

Within the pellet I provide a metered amount of dryparticulate (e.g., powder, granules, crystals or shredded leaves) flavoring material. When making coffee I prefer that this flavoring material be ground coffee beans, although I do not wish toexclude the use of decaffeinized ground coffee beans or crystals of coffee flavor. Nevertheless, I have found that most people prefer coffee which is brewed, that is to say, that which is extracted, from ground coffee beans rather than coffee which is made by dissolving extracted coffee crystals in hot water; and accordingly the design of the present machine is such that it can perform the more onerous brewing (infusing) operation, although the machine is so constructed that it also will dissolve extracted coffee crystals if the same should be present.

I also should mention that the material from which at least the top and bottom walls of the pellet are fabricated are pliable so as to be readily sheared, e.g., pierced. Aluminum foil of the mentioned thickness is suitable for this purpose. Also, if desired, and indeed preferably, the pellet may, as a safeguard and precaution, have a seal applied around the mechanical joint between the top wall 100 and the lip 108. This seal maybe readily formed with the aid of aluminum foil having a thermoplastic coating. That is to say, the two faces of the foil which are in juxtaposition at the mechanical seal may be thus coated and may be heat-sealed tolgether as is described in United States Letters Patent No. 2,778,739, for Package for Beverage Infusion Material, dated January 22, 1957. In the event that a dairy product is to be contained in the pellet, I prefer that the same be incorporated in the manner shown in my aforesaid United States Letters Patent No. 2,968,- 560, i.e., that the ground coffee be located adjacent the top wall 100 and that the dehydrated dairy product (creaming agent) be located adjacent the bottom Wall 102 and that these two products be separated by -a porous membrane.

To facilitate the arrangement of the pellets 98 in separate stacks the pellet magazine 56 constitutes a side-byside series of vertically elongated U-shaped channels 112 (FIGS. 4, 5 and 7) of the proper cross-section to nicely receive horizontally disposed pellets with very little frontto-back or side play, thereby guiding the pellets in the stack for vertical movement. The tops of the channels 112 are open for inserting pellets therein. The fronts of the channels could be closed; however in order to permit a maintenance man to quickly ascertain the number of pellets in any .given channel and to permit facile loading, the fronts of the channels are left partially open (see FIGS. 4 and 7), the side edges of the fronts being restricted by vertical strips 114. The spaces between the vertical edges of the strips are smaller than the maximum horizontal dimensions of the pellets whereby the pellets can not be withdrawn forwardly from the channels 112 except as mentioned herein-after. This stacking arrangement for the pellets has the further advantage that it enables an operator to insert a finger into a channel to straighten out an improperly oriented pellet as, for example, a pellet that has been inserted upside down or a pellet that has been turned and jammed in the stack.

Each of the channels 112 terminates at its lower end in a forwardly facing open horizontal slide constituted by a pair of angle irons 116 (FIGS. 4, 6, 7, l0 and 11) the front ends of which are unobstructed. Optionally adjacent angle irons may be'interconnected to form an iron of T-shaped cross-section (FIGS. 4 and 7). The heights of the angle irons are slightly in excess of the height of a pellet 98. The bottoms of all the channels 112 are closed by a horizontal band 118 which is spaced from the horizontal legs of the angle irons 116 by a distance somewhat in excess of the height .of a pellet 98 so that, when properly manipulated, the lowermost pellet in each stack may be pushed forwardly beneath the band so as to be discharged from its associated stack and channel.

The next to the lowermost pellet will be prevented from being discharged when the lowermost pellet is pushed out by abutment against the back surface of the band 118 and by the strips 114.

Preferably, I restrain discharge of the lowermost pellet so as to exercise control thereover by frictionally impeding forward motion thereof. This is accomplished v by a set of leaf springs 120 (FIGS. 4, 7, 10 and 11) which fix the horizontal position of the pellet.

each having a vertical portion secured to the band 118 directly in front of each stack and having a forwardly extending toe 122 at the proper height to bear lightly against the top wall of the pellet being discharged and which still is resting on the forwardly protruding pair of angle irons 116.

Attention is directed particularly to FIG. 5 wherein it will be seen that every pellet in each stack has its horizontal position nicely controlled so as to prevent unwanted shifting thereof. The flange 106 of each pellet is contacted at least, and preferably only, at three points Two of these points contact the vertical edges of the strips 114 associated with each channel 112 and the third point could constitute the back wall of the channel; however I prefer to insert a vertical guide 124 in every channel, said guide being located adjacent the rear corner of the channel and having a projecting edge adapted .to slidably bear on the flanges of the pellets in the stack.

The water heating station 58 (FIGS. 3 and 27) represents a particularly novel feature of my invention. As indicated earlier in this description, it has been the custom in conventional vending machines to maintain a substantial quantity of water, e.g., 5 to gallons, at an elevated temperature, e.g., in the order of 200 F. or higher, since such a high temperature is preferred for the brewing of coffee and a large volume is maintained at this temperature in order for the machine to be able to furnish many cups of coffee in quick succession when there is a run on the machine, for instance, during lunch hour or a coffee break. However when such large quantities of water are kept at this high temperature there are several attend-ant disadvantages. One is that if the machine is used in a hard water area various salts such, for instance as calcium carbonate will be formed at the high temperature and will deposit on the internal surfaces of the heating tank from which they eventually must be removed. Another difficulty resulting from the maintenance of large bodies of water at high temperatures slightly below the boiling point is that the Water becomes deaerated and this has a detrimental effect upon the taste of the coffee. Still another disadvantage is that where a large volume of water is maintained at high temperatures, if a defect occurs either in the relief valve or the thermostat, a high pressure will be generated and an explosion will take place, the magnitude of which is a function of the size of the storage tank. With a storage tank of several gallons capacity considerable damage heretofore has occurred.

I have avoided all of these difiiculties with the water heating station 58 which I now will describe. Pursuant to my invention I provide two heating tanks one of these being a storage tank 126, sometimes referred to herein as a reserve or standby tank, which is of a small capacity, for instance, one half gallon, compared to previous heating tanks. The other is a heating tank 128 of considerably smaller capacity.

The arrangement about to be described is such that the water in the standby tank 126 is maintained at a temperature less than that at which the brewing (infusion) is to occur. A satisfactory temperature is at least below 180 F. and preferably below 160 F. as at temperatures above these water tends to deaerate more and more rapidly. I have found that particularly good results are obtained where the water in the storage tank is kept at 150 F. and even as low as 140 F. Maintaining the temperature higher than indicated tends to deaerate the water too quickly and to encourage liming, while keeping the standby temperature much lower than 140 F. tends to impose too great a burden on the second stage (topping) heating which subsequently must take place in the small heating tank where the water will be brought up to higher than 180 F., e.g.-, to 190 F., to 205 F. or even boiling.

It will be observed that the heater in the standby tank does not have to raise the water from tap temperature to brewing (infusion) temperature but simply has to raise the temperature of the water to about 140 F. to 150 F., i'.e., the standby warm but not high temperature necessary for brewing. Due to this arrangement I am able to use a small reserve tank, e.g., one half gallon, that is much smaller than the customarily employed for reserve tanks, e.g., 5 to 10 gallons since, if the temperature in the reserve tank is lowered momentarily upon the introduction of cool tap water, the topping heater has excess reserve caloric power to raise the temperature of water to be dispensed to a high enough temperature for brewing.

It furthermore will be appreciated that with this arrangement only a small quantity of water is heated to high brewing temperature for what usually will be only a very short period of time and in this short period deaeration and liming will be negligible.

During standby operations when the temperature of the water in the reserve tank is kept at about 140 F. to 150 F., in any event not in excess of 180 F., the temperature of the water in the flash or topping heating tank 128 is in accordance with one preferred form of my invention likewise maintained at a standby temperature of about the same order, to wit, about 150 F. and in no event in excess of 180 F. To maintain the water in said tanks at the temperatures indicated, the storage tank includes a heating coil 130 (FIGS. 27 and 28) and the metering tank 128 includes a heating coil 132. The heating coils may be of any well known standard construction. For example, they may constitute Calrod units such as are made by the General Electric Co., these units constituting helical resistance Wire located within a tubul-ar metal sheath and insulated therefrom by powdered tale. The sheath may be finned to aid in heat transfer. The capacities of the two heating coils are suitably selected to maintain the temperatures indicated above.

The standby heating coil 130 is connected in series with a thermostat 134 (FIGS. 27 and 28) exposed to the temperature in the reserve tank and for optimum results will maintain the water therein at F. to F. with a through flow rate of three gallons every twelve minute-s. At slower rates of water flow the thermostat will intermittently deactivate the heating coil 130 to maintain the temperature at about 140 F. to 150 F. The heater 132 which is used as a topping heater has a higher caloric capacity than the heater 130. The capacity of said heater is so selected that if the heater is activated as water starts to flow out of the flash heating tank the temperature of the water as it flows out of the tank, but not necessarily all of the water in the tank, at once will quickly be raised to approximately boiling temperature or slightly short thereof.

It should be understood that my invention is not limited to the specific construction of the topping heater for this may take various forms. It may, as indicated by a simple Calrod sheathed tubular heater or it may be a finned Calrod unit or it may be an electrolytic heating unit. All of these have been found to give excellent results; however I prefer a simple sheathed resistance type heating unit since it is easy to maintain, easy to replace and is not affected by variation of salt content in the water.

Various pipes and valves which will be described hereinafter in connection With the hydropneumatic circuit of FIG. 27 also form a part of the water heating station 58.

In an alternate form of my invention the thermostat in the smaller tank keeps the small quantity of water therein at a higher temperature than in the reserve tank,

e.g., above F., for example F., and thus the water in this tank is held at a temperature sufliciently high for preparing hot potables without fia-sh heating the same as it leaves the small tank.

The two heating tanks are suitably supported on a shelf 136 (FIG. 3) located within the shell 32 as with the aid of a platform 138.

The brewing station 60 is best described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 15-21. Said station includes a brewing ram 140 and la brewing anvil 142. These also may be referred to respectively as the movable brewing jaw 140 and the stationary brewing jaw 142.

The brewing ram 140 constitutes an upper brewing jaw 144 in the form of a thick metal disc provided with. various passageways that will be described hereinafter. The brewing jaw is mounted at the lower end of a vertical spindle 146. Said spindle carries two pistons, to wit, a small diameter piston 148 and a large diameter piston 150. Both of these pistons preferably include peripheral sealing rings, such as O-rings. The two pistons ride in a single cylinder 152 having interconnected concentric portions of two different diameters, to wit, a lower small diameter portion 154 and an upper large diameter portion 156. The two portions are coaxial with the spindle 146. Said cylinder is arranged with its longitudinal axis vertical and is clamped in such position by a bracket 158-, supported from the shelf 136. Thus the spindle is constrained for vertical movement under the play of fluid forces on the outer faces of the two pistons 148, 150. When equal unit fluid forces are applied to the outer faces of the two pistons the spindle will 'be driven down, but when a preponderant unit fluid force is applied to the outer face of the small diameter lower piston 148, the spindle will be driven up.

The spindle is so located with respect to the stationary brewing anvil 142 that the brewing jaw 144 can be moved by the spindle between an elevated (open) idle position (shown in FIG. 15) and a lower (closed) brewing position illustrated in FIG. 16. A vent opening 160 (FIG. 27) is disposed in the step 162 that is located at the line of demarcation between the two portions of the cylinder. This part of the cylinder thereby is exposed to the ambient atmosphere so that the two pistons have air on the inner faces and water on their outer faces.

Desirably, the uppermost position of the brewing jaw can be adjusted. This is accomplished by an abutment screw 164 threaded through the top wall of the cylinder and having its tip located to engage the center of the upper face of the large diameter piston 150.

A water connection 166 is located at the top of the upper large diameter portion 156 of the cylinder and another water connection 168 is located at the bottom of the lower small diameter portion 154 of the cylinder. These are the connections that are employedto supply water under pressure to the operative (outer) faces of the two pistons 148, 150.

The brewing jaw 144 includes a plenum chamber on its lower face, this being in the form of a downwardly facing annular groove 170 on said face which is concentric with the spindle 146. Water is led to said groove 170 through an internal passageway 172 that terminates at a water connection 174 at the side of the brewing jaw 144. Said water connection is secured to a flexible hose 176 whereby to permit the connection to be maintained as the brewing ram experiences vertical movement.

The brewing jaw also includes on its lower face a suitable arrangement for piercing openings in the frangible top wall 100 of the pellet 98 which, when the brewing ram descends, is located on the brewing anvil. Said piercing means comprises a flat horizontal ring 178 in face-to-face contact with the flat undersurface of the brewing jaw and concentric with the spindle 146. The ring is located radially outwardly of the annular groove 170. Both peripheral edges of the ring, i.e., the inner and outer edges, are downturned and notched, i.e., ser-' rated, to form teeth (tines) 180 so that there will be one outer circular row of such teeth and one inner circular row. The teeth are angled, i.e., slightly inclined to the vertical. All the teeth may be inclined in the same direction, either inwardly or outwardly, or, as shown, the inner row may be inclined outwardly and the outer row inclined inwardly.

When the brewing jaw descends onto the flat top wall of the pellet the ,tips of the angled teeth (tines) will enter into' and pierce said top wall and, due to their inclinations, will progressively shear away tongues 182 in the wall so as to leave small openings 184 therein which are not completely filled by the teeth 180. These openings are quite tiny, indeed they are so small as not to permit appreciable passage of coffee grounds or the like therethrough although they will permit entry of water through the same and into the pellet.

Near its periphery the undersurface of the brewing jaw 144 is formed with an annular channel 186 in which there is located a sealing O-ring 188, a portion of which, when the brewing ram is idle, extends below the fiat horizontal bottom surface of the brewing jaw. The O- ring is so proportioned that it will engage the upper surface of the flange 106 of a pellet 98 seated on the brewing anvil. Furthermore the brewing jaw has a dependent peripheral skirt 190 with a chamfered lower internal surface 192 which is employed as a camming, i.e., guiding, surface in cooperation with the brewing anvil so as to insure centering of the brewing jaw when it is lowered into operative (brewing) position.

In the preferred form of my invention the brewing jaw includes a pressure and stripping pad 194 which is arranged to lead the brewing jaw in its downward movement and to engage and lightly resiliently press against a pellet 98 supported on the brewing anvil so that the same will be firmly held in place prior to and during the piercing of the openings 184 in the pellet by the angled teeth 180 and will be forced off the teeth after a brewing operation is completed.

Said pressure and stripping pad conveniently is of cruciform shape (see FIG. 21) with the tips of its four arms 196 registered with spaces between the teeth On the ring 178. The arms are long enough to extend a substantial distance outwardly from the center of the pellet whereby to secure a substantial steadying and stripping effect.

The pressure and stripping pad is mounted for vertical movement with respect to the brewing jaw and is spring loaded in a downward direction. To this end the center of the pad is apertured to pass a screw 198 that is received in a tapped opening in a vertically reciprocable post 200 of non-circular, e.g., square, cross-section to which the pad is held by the head of the screw. The post is slidably'mounted in a sleeve 202 having a vertical longitudinal through opening the contour of which matches the contour of the post. The upper end 204 of the post is enlarged to provide a head which by abutment with the upper end of the sleeve 202 defines the lowermost position of the pressure pad with respect to the brewing jaw. A vertical pin 206 is telescopically received in a central bore 208 in the post so as to steady the same. The post is biased downwardly by a helical compression spring 210 located in a vertical downwardly opening blind bore 212 in the spindle 146. Said spring encircles the pin 206, has its upper end pressed against a button 214 carried by the top of the pin 206 and its lower end seated against the enlarged upper end of the post 200.

The sleeve 202 is removably secured to the brewing jaw, as by threaded engagement with the tapped lower end of the blind bore 212. This arrangement permits the pressure pad and its mount to be quickly and easily removed for cleaning whenever it may be desirable. The toothed ring 178 is held in place by screws 216 that engage tapped apertures in the brewing jaw whereby said ring likewise can be dismounted for cleaning or replacement.

The brewing anvil 142 is located below and in vertical registry with the brewing jaw 144. Said anvil includes a cylindrical tubular side wall 218 which, in conjunction with a base wall 220, defines a cup shaped compartment 222 adapted to be closed by the brewing jaw when the latter is depressed. The diameter of the side wall 218 is slightly less than the inner diameter of the skirt so that the brewing jaw, when lowered, will partially telescopically engage the brewing anvil.

The mouth of the cylindrical side wall 218 is formed with an inwardly stepped upwardly extending annular flange 224 that is in registry with the sealing O-ring 188. As has been noted heretofore, the O-ring 188 is in registry with the flange 106 of the flavoring-materialcontaining pellet 98 when the same is centrally seated on the brewing anvil. Thus, with a pellet so positioned, the flange 106 will have the sealing ring 188 directly above it and the flange 224 directly beneath it, as can be seen by inspection of FIG. 17.

It has been pointed out above that the brewing jaw is provided with angled'piercing tines 180-which are adapted to form openings 184 in the top wall 100 of the pellet by a piercing curling action. A similar arrangement is provided for the brewing anvil 142. The piercing tines could, if desired, be formed in the same manner as those 180 of the brewing jaw, that is to say they could be fashioned by providing a horizontal flat ring with upwardly turned serrated flanges at its inner and outer peripheries. Nevertheless, I have illustrated a different structure for the brewing anvil which structure has a certain advantage over the flat ring type of piercing tines in that can be fabricated with the aid of existing types of flat band structures that can be purchased with angled teeth thereon, e.g., band saw blades.

Thus, the brewing anvil 142 is provided with angled piercing tines through the medium of flat sections of serrated bands (ribbons) 226 having straight (unserrated) lower edges and having upper edges which are serrated to form angled teeth (tines) 228. All of the teeth are inclined from the vertical, i.e., set, the inclination being comparatively slight. Optionally the inclination of alternate teeth may be opposite from one another or, as shown, all of the teeth may be inclined in the same direction, to wit, radially inwardly. There are several such flat bands 226, e.g., three, and the same are held in any suitable manner, for example, in a heavy supporting spider 230. This spider contains several, e.g., three, arms 231 meeting at the center of the base of the brewing compartment. The radial lengths of the arms is such that the spider substantially bridges the base of the brewing compartment.

The arms 231 are formed with arcuate slots 232 that mutually define three concentric circles centered about the vertical axis of the spindle 146. The toothed bands 226 are set with their straight lower edges inserted and held in these slots whereby to form a nest of three upstanding serrated circular sleeves the teeth (tines) of which extend upwardly toward the brewing jaw 144 and also toward the bottom wall 102 of the flavoring pellet 98 which they are to pierce.

The upper surface of the base wall 220 of the brewing compartment is sloped toward a central drain opening 234 from which a discharge conduit 236 extends downwardly.

To support a pellet 98 on the brewing anvil 142 the machine 30 has a floating stripper seat 238 located above the nest of toothed circular bands 226. The stripper seat is in the form of a horizontal flat disc that is slotted in vertical registry with the teeth 228 so as to permit the angled teeth to pass through the seat without interference. The periphery of the disc is downwardly flanged and is in sliding engagement with the inner surface of the cylindrical side wall 218 of the brewing compartment whereby the disc is prevented from experiencing any noticeable amount of side play.

v Said disc (floating seat) is biased upwardly to an elevated position with respect to the brewing jaw in which position the disc is at approximately the level of the top of the jaw as defined by the upper edge of the annular flange 224. The floating stripper seat is supported by a column 240 of non-circular cross-section, e.g., square, the upper end of which is connected, as by swedging, to the center of the seat. The column passes through and slidingly engages a central aperture 242 in the hub 244 of the spider 230. The floating stripper seat is biased upwardly by a helical spring 246 which encircles the column 240, has its upper end resting against the undersurface of the seat and its lower end engaging the top of the hub 244. The portion of the column extending below the spider is in registry with the drain opening 234 and is formed with radially outwardly extending shoulders 248 that are adapted to abut against the undersurface of the hub whereby to determine the uppermost position of the floating seat.

The floating stripper seat should be readily disengageable from the spider 230 for cleaning and to this end I bifurcate the lower end of the column, as by a deep slot 250 therein, said slot extending between the shoulders 248 so that if the twin lower ends of the post are squeezed towards one another the shoulders can be brought together sufficiently to enable them to he slid through the aperture 242 in the spider.

It now will be apparent that when the brewing jaw 144 descends, the pressure stripping pad 194 first will engage the upper surface of a pellet on the floating stripper platform. As the jaw continues to descent, the floating seat together with the pellet will be pushed down until the tips of the lower angled teeth 228 extend through the slots in the floating seat and rest against the bottom wall of the pellet. Further downward movement of the brewing jaw 144 will force the upper and lower teeth through the upper and lower walls of the pellet as illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19 and at the same time will cause the O-ring 188 to press the flange 106 of the pellet against the upstanding flange 224 of the brewing anvil whereby at this time not only will the pellet have been perforated (pierced) at the top and bottom but it will be hermetically sealed in the compartment 222 ready for a brewing operation. When the brewing jaw lifts off the anvil the strippers 194, 238 will disengage the teeth 180, 228 from the exhausted pellets.

In FIGS. 23-26 I have illustrated another arrangement for providing piercing teeth which arrangement can be utilized in conjunction with either or both of the brewing anvil and the brewing jaw. This latter arrangement has the advantage of employing flat serrated bands like the bands 226 but does not have one of the disadvantages of the bands 226 which is that said bands 226 have their ends interconnected, as by welding or brazing, to form rings. The angled piercing teeth in FIGS. 23-26 simply use linear flat bands.

More particularly in FIGS. 23-26 I have illustrated a brewing anvil 142' having a brewing compartment 222' which is identical to the brewing jaw 142 and brewing compartment 222. For piercing teeth I have, instead of employing a spider with concentric serrated rings in the form of circular flat bands, utilized an eggcrate (crossed interlocked partitions) 252 consisting of two sets 254, 256 of flat bands 258. The bands of all the sets are straight (linear) and have unserrated lower edges and serrated upper edges, that is to say the upper edges are formed with teeth 260. The teeth are slightly inclined to the vertical and all the teeth of any given flat band may be inclined in the same direction or alternate teeth may be inclined in opposite directions.

The bands of the upper set 254 (when assembled as shown in FIG. 25) are formed with slots 262 extending upwardly from their lower edges and the bands of the lower set 256 are formed with slots 264 extending downwardly from their upper edges. All of the bands of the upper set are parallel to one another. All of the bands of the lower set are parallel to one another and are perpendicular to the bands of the upper set. Preferably the bands in each set are uniformly spaced apart. The bands of the two sets are crisscrossed and are interlocked by tight frictional fitting of the bands of each set into the slots of the crossed bands of the other set to form a rectangular grid or eggcrate as can be seen in FIG. 23, The interlocking is reinforced by crimping (not shovm). The lengths of the various bands are so selected that the ends of the bands of the crossed partitions define a circle. If desired these ends may be received within an assembly collar 266 which said ends frictionally engage.

In their assembled relationship the bases of all the teeth preferably are in a common horizontal plane and the tips of the teeth are in another horizontal plane. The assembled bands and columns are adapted to rest upon the base- 220 of the compartment as shown in FIG. 24 whereby to provide an eggcrate piercing tine matrix for the brewing anvil which is functionally equivalent to the ring type piercing matrix formed by the circular bands 226 and spider 230.

The brewing anvil 142' also includes a floating stripper seat 268 which is located in horizontal position over the mouth of thecompartment 222'. The seat is adapted to be vertically reciprocated into the brewing compartment and is formed with slots 270 in registry with the piercing teeth 269. The seat is supported by a column 272 consisting of a resilient band of metal bent to form a base 274 from which there extend downwardly a pair of long parallel arms 276. These arms pass through the central rectangular opening in the eggcrate piercing tine matrix and are formed with outwardly extending shouldders 278 that are located to abut the lower surface of the eggcrate when the floating seat is in its uppermost position. The arms are sloped inwardly beneath the shoulders to form camming surfaces 280.

The floating seat 268 is biased upwardly by a group of, e.g., four, helical compression springs 282 the upper ends of which are received in shallow wells 284 in the under surface of the floating seat and the lower ends of which are held by clips 286. Each clip has an annular base on which the lower end of the associated spring is seated and is held by tabs integral with the base. Flat springy arms extend up from the base and are provided with struck out tiny tongues that engage the upper edges of a pair of adjacent bands 258. The spaces between the clip arms at said tongues exceeds the spacing between the bands so that the base of the clip is supported by the bands. The upper ends of the bands are as wide as the space between the transverse bands so that the clip is steadily supported. Moreover, the arms are flanged out near the base of the clip to enable them to be sprung under the lower edges of the bands 258. By virtue of the foregoing arrangement the clips (and springs) can be quickly and firmly secured to the matrix and easily removed therefrom for cleaning. The base 274 of the column is fastened, as by a rivet 288, to the floating stripper seat 268.

The brewing anvil is formed with a pendant shank 290 (see FIGS. 15 and 16) through which the drain opening 234 passes. This shank is located in a slot 292 fashioned in an arm 294 (see also FIG. 4) that constitutes a stationary part of the machine. The open end of the slot is removably closed by a plate 296 that is pivotally secured to the arm 294 by a bolt 298. When the bolt is loosened the plate 296 can be swung down and the shank 290 slipped out of the slot 292. To remount the brewing anvil the shank is reintroduced into the slot 292, the plate 296 is swung upwardly and the bolt 298 retightened. Optionally, for the purpose of maintaining angular orientation, the shank 290 may be formed with a transverse projection 300 (FIG. 4) adapted to be received in a notch 302 in the plate 296. V

This dispensing station 62 (see FIG. 3) comprises a horizontal perforated dispensing platform 304 supported from the shelf 136 and located directly in back of the removal aperture 42 in the casing door 36. Said dispensing platform is adapted to have the bottom of a cup 80 situated thereon when a hot potable is being brewed and dispensed. Side wall shields 306 are disposed on the opposite sides of the dispensing platform so as to isolate the dispensing station from the interior of the casing. These shields are formed with vertical tracks, i.e-., grooves, 308 near the front edges thereof in which there is received a transparent plane protective panel 310 having a handle 312 that can be manipulated through the removal aperture 42. Thereby the user is guarded against accidental contact with the hot potable during the filling of the cup and can readily raise the panel thereafter to withdraw a full cup.

Cups are led to the dispensing platform by an inclined chute 314 (FIGS. 2 and 3) the receiving end of which is disposed below the discharge terminal of the cup dispensing mechanism 50. This chute leads a cup, bottom 16 downrnost, from the cup dispensing mechanism to a vertical funnel 316 (FIGS. 2, 3, 15 and 16) directly above the dispensing platform 304. The lower edge of the funnel snugly engages the rim of a cup but is cut away in front as at 317 to an extent sufl-lcient to pass the side walls of the cup when the cup is raised slightly and drawn forwardly (see FIG. 3).

A flavored hot potable is led to the cup from the brewing compartment through a dispensing tube and spout 318 (see FIGS. 3 and 15) that runs from the discharge conduit 236 to a point above the funnel 316. A waste tube 329 extends from the space below the perforated dispensing platform 304 to the waste container 54.

The pellet transfer mechanism 64 (FIGS. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12A, 13 and 14) constitutes an arrangement for controlla'bly transporting one pellet 98 at a time from any selected one of the channels (stacks) 112 to the floating seat 238 (or 268) (the brewing station). The transfer mechanism must be so arranged as to transport pellets from any one of a variety of stacks to the single floating seat without any danger of sticking, jamming or turning the pellet and while maintaining the pellet topside uppermost. To this end I employ a pushing arrangement (FIGS. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, l0 and 11) for ejecting the bottommost pellet in any selected channel, a slide arrangement (FIGS. 4 and 7) for converging (transversely shifting to a central location) pellets (one at a time) from any selected channel to a single site in back of and at a level higher than the floating seat, a drop arrangement (FIGS. 4, 7, 12, 12A and 13) for causing the pellet to fall to an intermediate station in back of and level with the floating seat, and a kicker arrangement (FIGS. 4, 7, 12, 13 and 14) for advancing the pellet from the drop (intermediate station) to the floating seat.

The pushing arrangement is best described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 6-11. It will be recalled that the bottom of each vertical channel 112 is defined by the spaced horizontal flanges of a pair of angle irons 116 between which there is a forwardly extending clear space. The lowermost pellet of each stack is seated on these horizontal flanges and bridges the space. The backs and fronts of the channels are open to permit an ejector (pusher) element to sweep therethrough.

There is one such ejector element 322 for each of the channels, all the ejector elements being rotatable about a common horizontal spindle 324 the ends of which are fixed to the sides 326 of a transversely elongated carriage 328. The sides of the carriage have secured thereto rigid dependent legs 330. The lower ends of the legs are tied together by a transverse jack shaft 332 (FIGS. 4, 7 and 9) the ends 334 of which are pivoted in bearings 335 (FIG. 9) that are carried by the casing 32.

Thus, if the jack shaft is oscillated, the carriage 328 will be rocked. When the carriage is at rest it will be in the rearmost position shown in FIG. 7 and in solid lines in FIGS. 10 and 11. An intermediate forwardly moving position of the carriage is shown in FIG. 4 and in dot and dash lines in FIGS. 10 and 11.

Each ejector (pusher) element 322 is roughly L-shaped (see FIGS. 10 and 1 1) and has the base of its long leg pivoted to the spindle 324. Suitable means, such as yokes 336 bearing against opposite sides of an end of this leg of each ejector element, prevent the ejecting elements from experiencing any movement axially Otf the spindle. Said long leg of each ejector element includes a downwardly extending follower 33 8 which rests on the sloped conical surface 340 of a head 342 formed on the outer end of the armature 344 of a selecting solenoid 346 (FIGS. 10, 11 and 28), there being one such solenoid, armature and head for each ejector (pusher) element.

As long as the solenoid 346 is idle a spring (not shown) forces the armature outwardly and permits the unstable ejector element to fall, under the influence of gravity, into its lowermost position illustrated in FIG. 10 with the follower resting on the cam surface 3411. However 17 when the solenoid is actuated it will draw in the armature which bearing against the follower 338 will swing the ejector element to an elevated position illustrated in solid lines in FIG. 11.

The short leg of the ejector (pusher) element extends upwardly and terminates in a T-shaped pusher head 348 (see particularly FIG. 6) which is horizontally elongated. The long leg of the ejector element is aligned with the clear space 3 50 between the horizontal flanges of the angle irons 1'16 and the length of the T-shaped pusher head 348 is such that it will fit between the side walls of the associated vertcial channel 112.

If the carriage 328 is rocked from its rearmost toward its foremost position while any given pusher element 322 is in its lowermost position (with the solenoid 346 deactuated) the pusher element will sweep forwardly in the direction indicated by the arrow A (FIGS. 10 and 11) and in so doing will pass beneath the angle irons 116. However if any single pusher element has its solenoid 346 actuated, this element will be raised so that its pusher head 348 is above the level of the horizontal flanges of the angle irons 116 whereby when the carriage now is rocked forwardly the pusher element will sweep through the space 350 with the head 348 above the flanges and in so doing will push (eject) the lowermost pellet out of the stack and off the forward edges of the angle 1I'OI1S.

Since in the electric circuit which will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 28 the solenoids 346 only are energized for a short space of time (less than that required to eject a pellet from its stack) means desirably is included to lock a raised ejecting element 322 in its elevated position. Such means conveniently comprises a pair of leaf springs 352 (FIGS. 6, 10 and 11) attached to the backs of the channels 112 and which project slightly into the path of travel of the T-shaped pusher head as it is being raised upon action of the associated solenoid. The ends of the heads will brush past these springs and the springs will remain under the ends of the head so as to hold the heads up after the solenoid becomes deactivated.

When the carriage reaches its foremost position the T-sha-ped pusher head 348 will drop off the front edges of the angle irons 112 so that the pusher element will be restored to its idle position (the solenoid is deactuated a fraction of a second after its actuation) ready upon return of the carriage to sweep the T-shaped pusher head below the level of the angle irons 112.

Suit-able means is included to oscillate the carriage so as to secure the foregoing action. Said means comprises a carriage motor 354 (FIGS. 7 and 28) supported from the shelf 13 6 and disposed with the motor shaft horizontal and parallel to the jack shaft 332. A cam plate 356 (see also FIGS. 8 and 9) having a cam node 358 is driven by the motor shaft. An eccentric pin 360 projects from the cam plate in a direction parallel to the motor shaft. Said pin rides in a slot 362 (FIG. 8) of a drive arm 364 the upper end of which is fast to the jack shaft 332. Hence as the motor turns through one revolution the jack shaft 332, and therefore the carriage 328, will be oscillated through one cycle.

The cam node 358 is arranged to actuate a switch 366 when the carriage is returning from its forward position. An additional switch 368 is provided which is arranged to be actuated by one of the carriage legs 330 when the carriage is in its rearmost position.

The slide arrangement is adapted to receive an ejected pellet from any one of the stacks and to bring it to a single site in back of the brewing anvil 142. In other words it must transversely shift a pellet ejected from any stack to a central location (behind the brewing station) in the machine. The amount of shifting required obviously will depend upon the location of the channel 112 in which the pellet 98 was disposed before ejection.

Although this transverse shifting could be performed by power it is speedier, simpler and more economical to permit the pellet to shift itself, and to this end the slide arrangement comprises a gravity chute 370 (FIGS. 4 and 7). The chute constitutes a broad flat plate the rear upper edge of which (FIGS. 10 and 11) is spaced a short distance in front of the front edges of the angle irons 116 and the lower front edge Olf which is centrally behind the brewing anvil 142, although at a higher level. The chute plate is tapered (wedge-shaped) from the broad rear edge to the narrow front edge and slopes forwardly and downwardly. The side edges of the chute plate have upstanding flanges 372 against which the side walls 104 of the pellet are adapted to slide and turn.

It will be apparent that a pellet 98 pushed out of any of the outermost channels will, upon dropping off the front edges of the angle irons and sliding down the flat wall of the gravity chute, quickly come into contact with one or the other of these squat side flanges 372 which tend to frictionally impede the speed of its descent and hold it to a rate of travel which will not be so rapid that control over the pellet will be lost. The flanges also transversely shift the pellets toward the desired central position. However pellets which are closer to the center of the gravity chute would if no preventative provision were made, be moving vary rapidly by the time they had had reached the discharge end of the chute and to prevent this from occuring I have placed a pair of downwardly divenging upstanding squat walls 374 at the upper center of the chute. Thereby the side wall of a pellet ejected from any one of the channels will, regardless of the position of the channel, strike either a flange 372 or a wall 374 before the pellet has travelled much more than halfway down the chute so that its speed of descent will be held to a reasonable range.

For the drop arrangement the discharge end 376 of the pellet delivery chute (see FIG. 12A) is formed to a semicircular configuration with a semi-circular funnel shaped mouth the entry end of which is larger than the diameter of the pellet flange 106 and the discharge end of which is barely larger than said diameter. Hence as the pellets reach this mouth their base walls 102 will slide and be guided centrally by the funnel shape until the flange is centered at the small diameter delivery end of the funnel. Thereupon the pellet will drop vertically. As the pellet drops it will tend .to hold the inclination it had during its descent down the gravity chute. Therefore, the then forward segment of the bottom wall of the pellet will strike an intermediate horizontal station (platform) before the rear segment so that as the rear segment swings down there is a tendency to check forward motion of the pellet. Control of the pellets during drop also is maintained by the flanges 372 at the discharge end and, furthermore, by a downwardly depending lip 378 which surrounds the discharge end and forms the aforesaid funnel. It should be mentioned that in the absence of the lip 378 and in the absence of the restraint exercised by the flanges 372 the pellets would be travelling so rapidly at the discharge end that their movement could be irregular, i.e., bouncy, and they might not drop vertically to a fixed site at the discharge end.

The discharge end of the pellet delivery chute is immediately above a kicker plate platform (intermediate station) 380 that is directly behind and at the same horizontal level as the floating seat 238 (or 268).

The kicker arrangement moves the pellet from the kicker plate (inter-mediate) platform to the brewing anvil. Said arrangement includes a kicker motor 382 (FIGS. 4, 7 and 28) disposed behind the kicker plate platform and arranged with its shaft vertical. Mounted on the shaft is a kicker cam plate 384 having a cam node 386 and a drive pin 388. The cam node is adapted to actuate a kicker switch 390. The drive pin 388 pivotally engages the rear end of a kicker link 392 the forward end of which pivotally engages the rear end of a kicker bar 394 (FIGS. 4, 7, 12, 13 and 14). The kicker bar rides in a front-to-back 

1. IN A MACHINE FOR DISPENSING AN INDIVIDUAL PORTION OF A POTABLE UPON EACH ACTUATION OF THE MACHINE, THE COMBINATION OF: A TANK THE FLUID CAPACITY OF WHICH IS SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO AN INDIVIDUAL PORTION OF THE POTABLE, A DISPENSING STATION, A BREWING STATION CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO THE DISPENSING STATION, A SOURCE OF WATER, A FIRST CONDUIT MEANS CONNECTING SAID SOURCE OF WATER TO SAID TANK, A SECOND CONDUIT MEANS CONNECTING SAID TANK DIRECTLY TO SAID BREWING STATION, MEANS IN THE FIRST CONDUIT MEANS FOR SELECTIVELY ISOLATING THE SOURCE OF WATER FROM THE TANK, MEANS IN THE SECOND CONDUIT MEANS FOR SELECTIVELY ISOLATING THE BREWING STATION FROM THE TANK, AND FLUID MEANS FOR APPLYING PRESSURE TO THE WATER IN THE TANK WHEN THE TANK IS ISOLATED FROM THE SOURCE OF WATER AND IS CONNECTED TO THE BREWING STATION SO AS TO EMPTY THE TANK THROUGH THE BREWING AND DISPENSING STATIONS, SAID FLUID MEANS BEING INOPERATIVE TO APPLY SUCH PRESSURE WHEN THE TANK IS CONNECTED TO THE SOURCE OF WATER AND IS ISOLATED FROM THE BREWING STATION.
 7. IN A MACHINE FOR DISPENSING A POTABLE, A PAIR OF JAWS, MEANS MOUNTING SAID JAWS FOR RELATIVE MOVEMENT TOWARD AND AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER, SAID JAWS FORMING A COMPARTMENT WHEN THEY ARE CLOSED TOGETHER, MEANS FOR MOVING SAID JAWS TOWARD AND AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER, SAID MEANS COMPRISING A PAIR OF FUNCTIONALLY INTEGRAL PISTONS OF DIFFERENT DIAMETERS IN COOPERATING CYLINDERS, MEANS FOR SUPPLYING WATER UNDER PRESSURE CONTINUOUSLY TO THE OUTER FACE OF THE SMALLER PISTON, MEANS SELECTIVELY SUPPLYING WATER UNDER PRESSURE TO THE OUTER FACE OF THE LARGER PISTON, SAID JAWS BEING MOVED TOWARD ONE ANOTHER WHEN THE WATER UNDER PRESSURE IS SUPPLIED TO THE LARGER PISTON AND BEING MOVED APART WHEN NO WATER UNDER PRESSURE IS SUPPLIED TO THE LARGER PISTON, A TANK MEANS CONNECTING THE CYLINDER IN WHICH THE LARGER PISTON OPERATES TO THE TANK WHEN THE LARGER PORTION IS DISCONNECTED FROM WATER UNDER PRESSURE WHEREBY WHEN THE JAWS ARE MOVED APART THE WATER FROM THE LARGER PISTON IS FORCED INTO THE TANK, MEANS CONNECTING THE TANK TO ONE OF THE JAWS, AND A VALVE IN SAID LAST-NAMED CONNECTING MEANS WHICH IS OPENED WHEN THE JAWS ARE BROUGHT TOGETHER.
 29. IN A MACHINE FOR DISPENSING POTABLES, A MAGAZINE CONTRAINING PLURAL PACKAGES, MEANS FOR ABSTRACTING ONE PACKAGE AT A TIME FROM THE MAGAZINE AND DELIVERING SAID PACKAGE TO AN INTERMEDIATE STATION, A BREWING STATION IN THE SAME HORIZONTAL PLANE AS THE INTERMEDIATE STATION, THE BREWING STATION INCLUDING A LOWER STATONARY JAW AND AN UPPER MOVABLE JAW, MEANS ENERGIZED UPON DELIVERY OF A PACKAGE TO THE INTERMEDIATE STATION TO TRANSPORT THE PACKAGE TO THE LOWER JAW, A CUP DISPENSING UNIT, A DISPENSING PLATFORM, AND MEANS ENERGIZED UPON ABSTRACTION OF A PACKAGE FROM THE MAGAZINE AND TRANSPORT THEREOF TO THE LOWER JAW TO ENERGIZE THE CUP DISPENSING UNIT AND CONDUCT A CUP THEREFROM TO THE DISPENSING PLATFORM. 